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Ciática - Información general

Nombres alternativos

Neuropatía del nervio ciático; Disfunción del nervio ciático

Definición:

Se refiere a dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento u hormigueo en la pierna, causados por lesión o compresión del nervio ciático. La ciática es un síntoma de otro problema médico, no una enfermedad por sí sola.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La ciática ocurre cuando hay daño al nervio ciático, localizado en la parte posterior de la pierna. Este nervio controla los músculos de la parte posterior de la rodilla y parte inferior de la pierna e igualmente proporciona sensibilidad a la parte posterior del muslo, parte inferior de la pierna y a la planta del pie. El daño incompleto al nervio ciático puede parecer idéntico al daño a una de sus ramificaciones (disfunción del nervio tibial o disfunción del nervio peroneo común).

Las causas comunes de ciática abarcan:

  • Enfermedad degenerativa de los discos
  • Lesión o fractura de la pelvis
  • Síndrome piriforme (un dolor que compromete el estrecho músculo piramidal de la pelvis en los glúteos)
  • Hernia de disco
  • Estenosis raquídea
  • Tumores
  • Fecha de revisión: 5/12/2008
  • Versión en inglés revisada por:Thomas N. Joseph, MD, Private Practice specializing in Orthopaedics, subspecialty Foot and Ankle, Camden Bone & Joint, Camden, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
  • Traducción y localización realizada por: DrTango, Inc

Referencias

Clarke JA, van Tulder MW, Blomberg SE, et al. Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD003010.

Chou R, Qaseem A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(7):478-491.

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The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 1997-2007 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

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