Definition of Scrofula:

Scrofula is a tuberculous infection of the skin on the neck.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Scrofula in adults is most often caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In children, it is usually caused by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum or Mycobacterium avium.

Infection with mycobacteria is usually caused by breathing in air that is contaminated by these organisms. The bacteria spreads throughout the body, and may cause swelling the lymph nodes in the neck and other parts of the body. If left untreated, the lymph nodes may become ulcerated, producing draining sores.