Ampicillin and Probenecid
Pronunciation
(am pi SIL in & proe BEN e sid)
U.S. Brand Names
Probampacin®
Synonyms
Probenecid and Ampicillin (Dental)
Generic Available
No
Use
Uncomplicated infections caused by susceptible strains of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in adults
Pregnancy Risk Factor
B
Adverse Reactions
>10%:
Central nervous system: Headache
Dermatologic: Rash
Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, oral candidiasis
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Gouty arthritis (acute)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Flushing of face
Central nervous system: Dizziness
Dermatologic: Skin rash, itching
Gastrointestinal: Sore gums, severe abdominal or stomach cramps and pain
Genitourinary: Dysuria
Renal: Renal calculi
<1%: Anaphylaxis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hepatic necrosis leukopenia, lymphocytic leukemia. nephrotic syndrome, penicillin encephalopathy, seizure, urate nephropathy
Drug Interactions
Probenecid:
Inhibits
CYP2C19 (weak)
Allopurinol: Theoretically has an additive potential for ampicillin/amoxicillin rash.
Aminoglycosides: May be synergistic against selected organisms.
Disulfiram: May increase levels of penicillins (ampicillin), potentially leading to increased toxicity.
Ketorolac: Avoid concomitant use with ketorolac since its half-life is increased twofold.
Methotrexate: Penicillins may increase the exposure to methotrexate during concurrent therapy; monitor.
Oral contraceptives: Anecdotal reports suggesting decreased contraceptive efficacy with penicillins have been refuted by more rigorous scientific and clinical data.
Warfarin: Effects of warfarin may be increased.
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
See individual agents.
Dosage
Administer entire contents of bottle as a single one time dose
Patient Education
Shake well
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
Key adverse event(s) related to dental treatment: Oral candidiasis (after chronic dosing), facial flushing, and sore gums.
Dental Health: Vasoconstrictor/Local Anesthetic Precautions
No information available to require special precautions
Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status
Large I.V. doses may rarely produce encephalopathy; penicillins have been reported to cause apprehension, illusions, agitation, insomnia, depersonalization, and encephalopathy
Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment
Rarely may cause bone marrow suppression; may rarely produce seizures; use caution with clozapine, carbamazepine, antidepressants, abruptly discontinued benzodiazepines
Dosage Forms
Powder for oral suspension: Ampicillin 3.5 g and probenecid 1 g per bottle
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